Best DSPy Alternatives in 2026

PydanticAI is an open-source Python framework for building production-grade AI agents. Created by Samuel Colvin (creator of Pydantic), it brings FastAPI-style type safety, structured outputs, and dependency injection to agent development. Free, MIT-licensed, 16k+ GitHub stars.

DeepSpeed is Microsoft's open-source deep learning optimization library for training and running large language models across multiple GPUs. It powers BLOOM 176B, Megatron-Turing 530B, and countless fine-tuning pipelines via its ZeRO memory optimizer.

Genkit is Google's open-source AI framework for TypeScript, Go, and Python developers. It provides typed flows, RAG, tool calling, and multi-agent support with a standout local Developer UI for iterating prompts and debugging traces. Free under Apache 2.0.

Haystack is deepset's open-source Python framework for building production-ready RAG pipelines and AI agents. Apache 2.0 licensed, it gives developers explicit control over retrieval, context routing, and generation through composable, YAML-serializable pipeline graphs.

Mastra is an open-source TypeScript framework for building production AI agents, from the team behind Gatsby. It ships agents, durable workflows, RAG, built-in memory with SOTA LongMemEval scores, and a visual debugging studio.

smolagents is Hugging Face's open-source Python library for building AI agents that write code as actions rather than JSON tool calls. Apache 2.0, ~1,000 lines of core code, supports 100-plus LLMs including local models via Ollama and Transformers.

Agno is an open-source Python framework for building multi-agent AI systems, rebranded from Phidata in January 2025. Model-agnostic, Apache 2.0, with built-in memory, knowledge bases, and a production-ready AgentOS runtime for deploying agents as services.

OpenAI's official open-source framework for multi-agent workflows. Launched March 2025 as the production successor to Swarm. Provides handoffs, guardrails, tracing, and voice agent support in Python and TypeScript.

Langflow is an open-source visual builder for LLM pipelines, RAG applications, and multi-agent workflows. Created in 2023 and acquired by DataStax in 2024, it lets developers assemble complex AI flows on a canvas and export them as production APIs, no boilerplate required.

Google AI Studio is Google's free developer playground for the Gemini API. It gives you hands-on access to Gemini 2.5 and Gemini 3 models, a 1M-token context window, and one-click code export in Python, JavaScript, or cURL. No credit card required on the free tier.